Menopause
Definitions
Description
The end of a person's menstrual cycles, starting after 12 straight months without a period.
Overview
Natural menopause happens in the 40s or 50s as levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone drop. But some treatments and conditions also can cause menopause to start. These include surgery to remove the ovaries, chemotherapy, radiation and primary ovarian insufficiency.
Symptoms
In the months or years leading up to menopause, symptoms may include irregular periods, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, chills, night sweats, trouble sleeping and changes in mood. A person also might have weight gain, thinning hair, dry skin and less fullness in the breasts.
Treatments
Menopause treatments can ease various symptoms. For instance, vaginal estrogen can improve dryness of the vagina. Hormone therapy, certain antidepressants and other medicines can relieve hot flashes. If needed, some medicines can help prevent or treat osteoporosis. Healthy habits such as a balanced diet, exercise and quality sleep also are key.
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